What provides stability in both directions in structural steel frames?

Cross-bracing is designed to enhance the stability of structural steel frames by providing resistance to lateral forces acting on the structure. This system consists of diagonal members that form an "X" shape within a frame, allowing the braces to effectively distribute loads and resist deformation caused by wind, seismic activity, or other lateral forces.

When cross-braces are effectively implemented, they help maintain the integrity and shape of the steel frame by preventing it from swaying or twisting. This is crucial in ensuring both horizontal and vertical stability across the entire structure, as the bracing counteracts both tensile and compressive forces. The design is capable of addressing stability concerns, ensuring the safety and durability of the built environment.

In comparison, diagonal struts may also aid in stability but may not provide the same level of dual-directional support. Load-bearing walls primarily contribute to vertical loads and might not sufficiently address lateral stability. Shear panels are effective but typically work in conjunction with other elements and might not provide the comprehensive brace-like effect that cross-bracing delivers. Therefore, cross-bracing is recognized as the most effective system for achieving stability in both directions within structural steel frames.